Artículo de revista ; This article assesses the cost of bank equity in Spain and the euro area since 2007, focusing particularly on the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a marked rise in the cost of equity in March 2020, followed by a decline in the subsequent months. The article...

Artículo de revista ; Financing conditions for households and businesses have remained accommodating in the second half of 2020, assisted by the support measures introduced by the economic and monetary authorities to contend with the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are signs of...

Artículo de revista ; This article analyses the impact of Recommendation ECB/2020/19 (to credit institutions to refrain from making dividend distributions and performing share buy-backs aimed at remunerating shareholders) on lending by Spanish banks between January and September 2020....

Artículo de revista ; Since summer 2020, resident banks’ lending to non-financial corporations has been sluggish. In the wake of the impact of the health crisis, this has been against a backdrop of weak demand, a relatively steady supply of bank lending and an increase in financing obtained...

Artículo de revista ; This article is a summary of the methodology proposed by Gonzalez-Perez (2021) for estimation of a volatility index for an asset portfolio on which no options have been issued. The methodology allows volatility indices to be constructed for personalised portfolios, using...