Interbank activities including bilateral deposits and loans are widely considered a direct channel for financial contagion. Through this channel, the failure of one bank may trigger the insolvency of other banks, causing a systemic failure or large loss of assets. This research empirically tests...

Generally, trade policies exclude provision for predictability and accountability as transparency measures and facilitates trade consensus that enhance market access, reduce trading costs, and promote cooperation. In analyzing the trajectories on transparency, free trade agreement (FTA), and...