comprehensive long-run dataset of official international lending, covering 230,000 loans, grants and guarantees extended by … large, easily surpassing the scale of total international bailout lending after the 2008 crash. During peacetime …s, official finance has made a sharp comeback, largely due to the rise of China as an international creditor and the …

The 2008 financial crisis is arguably the most dramatic outcome of globalization. International economic integration … illustrates why the ‘old’ international order is unable to provide crucial global public goods such as monetary and financial … of the financial crisis and the political economy measures required to build a safer and more stable international order …