institutional deficiencies share responsibility for the euro's failure, the bank has generally done "too little, too late" with … regard to managing the euro crisis, preventing protracted stagnation, and containing deflation threats. The bank remains … attached to the euro area’s official competitive wage-repression strategy, which is in conflict with the ECB's price stability …

This paper examines whether the Big Three credit rating agencies actually played as active a role in the Euro Crisis as …