We define the notion of 'de facto fiscal space' of a country as the inverse of the outstanding public debt relative to the de facto tax base, where the latter measures the realized tax collection, averaged across several years to smooth for business cycle fluctuations. We apply this concept to...

This paper studies the cross-country variation of the fiscal stimulus and the exchange rate adjustment propagated by the global crisis of 2008-9, identifying the role of economic structure in accounting for the heterogeneity of response. We find that greater de facto fiscal space prior to the...

Having achieved an export led exponential economic growth, Singapore remains vulnerable to both natural disasters and economic crises. One significant public health crisis that impacts Singapore's economy is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003. Another crisis of...

Studies show that in addition to losing people's lives, the consequences are just as bad for the economy.Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, massive fires etc. inflict serious damage and so seem to be bad for the economy. Depending on the experience in different countries, the...

We test if and how banks adjust their lending in response to disaster risk in the form of a natural catastrophe striking its customers: the 2013 Elbe flooding. The flood affected firms in East and South Germany, and we identify shocked banks based on bank-firm relationships gathered for more...

Huge difference a decade makes; from an uninterrupted growth in one decade (i.e. birth of the Justice and Development Party – AKP in August 2001 and the rise of the AKP during 2002-2013) to another decade of unorthodox policies induced by ever more authoritarianism (i.e. the loss of Istanbul...

We document that natural disasters significantly weaken the stability of banks with business activities in affected regions, as reflected in lower z-scores, higher probabilities of default, higher non-performing assets ratios, higher foreclosure ratios, lower returns on assets and lower bank...

We show that property damages from weather-related natural disasters significantly weaken the stability of banks with business activities in affected regions, as re ected in lower z-scores, higher probabilities of default, higher non-performing assets ratios, higher foreclosure ratios, lower...

We show that local banks provide corporate recovery lending to firms affected by adverse regional macro shocks. Banks that reside in counties unaffected by the natural disaster that we specify as macro shock increase lending to firms inside affected counties by 3%. Firms domiciled in flooded...

Credit provides a means for uninsured households and businesses to manage disaster losses, but access to credit may be tenuous after severe events. Using lender fixed effects models, we examine how natural disasters affect the amount of credit supplied by community lenders in developing and...