-term unemployment rates, leading to the need to reform labour market institutions and make them more flexible. Flexible labour markets … employment and unemployment) but also to reduce the negative impacts on labour market of structural shocks. If we focus on the …, the countries with the best results in terms of unemployment and employment would have been those that had a more flexible …

commentators have argued that the subsequent rise in unemployment exceeded previous estimates of the elasticity of the unemployment …-term estimate of Okun’s coefficient implying that the deviation in unemployment during the crisis resulted from a larger output gap … period utilized. Focusing more on short-term fluctuations, changes in unemployment are decomposed to identify the association …

protection, unemployment insurance benefits and minimum income support, working time flexibility and wage setting played a … crucial role in determining to what extent the economic crisis led to higher unemployment, wage cuts or income losses and … and to what extent different socio-economic groups were affected. -- automatic stabilisers ; unemployment protection ; tax …