, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, and Israel, from 2020 to2021. Liquidity creation, efficient asset management … infrastructure projects. The role of banks in financing trade and development is significant as undeveloped capital markets are … unable to perform this function. During the COVID-19 crisis, banks sustained liquidity shocks, as deposits were withdrawn to …

structural liquidity positions in 2007Q2 to estimate the impact of exposure to market freezes during 2007–08 on the supply of … particular, banks that were ex-ante more dependent on market funding and had lower structural liquidity reduced the supply of … credit more than other banks. However, higher and better-quality capital mitigated this effect. Our results suggest that …