In an effort to address the financing gap for clean energy projects in developing countries, the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund (GEEREF) was set up in late 2008 as an innovative financing instrument aimed at leveraging private investments with public funds. The purpose of...

Incentivizing businesses to lower carbon emissions and trade back excess carbon allowances paved the way for rapid growth in carbon credit ETFs. The use of carbon allowances as a hedging alternative fueled this rally further, causing a shift to speculation and forming repetitive bubbles....

As it is becoming clear that climate change will exert a major impact on inflation, economic growth, and financial system stability, central banks and financial regulators have increasingly recognized that they can no longer ignore climate change and other environmental issues. In general,...