crash hazard rate in the Johansen-Ledoit-Sornette model of rational expectation bubbles. The model is based on a percolation … crash. This provides a formula to estimate the crash hazard rate by summation over percolation clusters above a minimum size … of a power $s^a$ (with $a>1$) of the cluster sizes $s$, similarly to a generalized percolation susceptibility.The power …

Federal Reserve to foreign central banks via reciprocal currency arrangements (swap lines) reduced CIP deviations. In … particular, the announcement on October 13, 2008, that the swap lines would become unlimited reduced CIP deviations substantially … ; counterparty credit risk ; central bank currency swap lines ; financial crisis ; foreign exchange …

has been associated with an unprecedented rise of swap agreements between central banks of larger economies and their … counterparts in smaller economies. We explore whether such swap lines can reduce the need for reserve accumulation. The evidence … suggests that there is only a limited scope for swaps to substitute for reserves. The selectivity of the swap lines indicates …

has been associated with an unprecedented rise of swap agreements between central banks of larger economies and their … counterparts in smaller economies. We explore whether such swap lines can reduce the need for reserve accumulation. The evidence … suggests that there is only a limited scope for swaps to substitute for reserves. The selectivity of the swap lines indicates …

regional pooling arrangements and swap lines as well as possible new roles for international financial institutions (IFI). …