constitute long-term appreciation expectations on yuan and yen, which have made China and Japan vulnerable to U.S. interest rate … cuts and appreciation expectation shocks. For both China and Japan - at different points of time - self-fulfilling runs …, speculative bubbles and post-bubble secular stagnation. To prevent a similar scenario for China capital controls, a tighter …

This paper examines the fiscal and monetary policy options available to China as a sovereign currency-issuing nation … operating in a dollar standard world. We first summarize a number of issues facing China, including the possibility of slower … policy space open to China. …