This paper tests for the sensitivity of R&D to financing constraints conditional on restrictions in external financing. Financing constraints of firms are identified by an exogenously calculated rating index. Restrictions in external financing are determined by (i) the specific time period...

This paper studies the behavior of Credit Rating Agencies both in times of credit crunch and calm. In particular, I examine whether or not the rating agencies differ in their propensity to downgrade firms during times of financial crisis, and especially, times of credit crunch. Having...

Using cross-state panel auto insurance premium data from 2007 to 2012 in the U.S., this study provides evidence that individual purchases of private auto insurance were excessively reduced during and after the U.S. subprime mortgage. Analyses show that the credit crunch triggered by a shock in...

We analyze the impact of financial crises and monetary policy on the supply of wholesale funding liquidity, and also on the compositional supply effects through cross-border and relationship lending. For empirical identification, we draw on the proprietary bank-to-bank European interbank dataset...