We document that during the Global Recession, US monetary policy easings triggered the "exorbitant duty" of the United States, the issuer of the world's dominant currency, by causing a dollar appreciation and a transfer of wealth from the United States to the rest of the world. This dollar...

In an effort to address the financing gap for clean energy projects in developing countries, the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund (GEEREF) was set up in late 2008 as an innovative financing instrument aimed at leveraging private investments with public funds. The purpose of...

Incentivizing businesses to lower carbon emissions and trade back excess carbon allowances paved the way for rapid growth in carbon credit ETFs. The use of carbon allowances as a hedging alternative fueled this rally further, causing a shift to speculation and forming repetitive bubbles....