academics in their perceptions of Item 1A risk factor disclosure effectiveness. Because most academic evidence relies on pre …-financial crisis data, we compare changes in risk factor disclosure informativeness before and after the crisis as a possible … bond markets react to unexpected risk factor disclosures in the period leading up to the financial crisis (2006-2008), the …

The informativeness of risk factor disclosures is a subject of debate. We predict and find that risk factor disclosures … in 10-K filings reduce the chance of a large negative movement in stock prices—stock price crash risk. This effect is … with higher information asymmetry, litigation risk, short interest, or better corporate governance. Overall, our findings …

This paper documents that policy uncertainty reduces future stock price crash risk. Our tests show that this negative … crash risk is unlikely to be driven by potential endogeneity. Additional tests show that this negative association is driven …

stock price crash risk. A stock price crash is a dreadful event for market participants. Thus, exploring stock price crash … determinants is helpful for investment decisions and risk management. In this study, we use samples of major market index … findings suggest that ESG disclosures lower future stock price crash risk; however, the effect and predictive power of ESG …

This study examines whether and how risk disclosures in Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) affected the stock … price crash risk of China's publicly listed firms over the period of 2017-2021. The empirical results show that risk … disclosures within the MD&A section are signif‑ icantly and negatively associated with the future stock price crash risk, even …