The 2008 financial crises strongly challenged the European Union, a threat which was even reinforced by the 2010 sovereign credit crisis. Initially, its member states responded to the crisis in an ad hoc and uncoordinated manner. As the crisis persisted, it became clear that the individual...

The financial crisis that hit the world in 2008 exposed the fragility and weaknesses of our global financial system. It has triggered a global response: world leaders – for the most part in the framework of the revitalised G20 – have held several meetings to discuss and agree on a global...

This working paper analyses the relationship between the European Union and the G20, with an emphasis on how the two bodies have impacted and shaped each other's agendas. Both entities mark, in very different ways, a changing world order in which states are cooperating ever more closely in order...

In recent years, G20 has emerged as a relatively new, yet influential actor on the world stage which brings together the leaders of the twenty systemically most important economies. Its informality and flexible character warrant the use of the term ‘Informal International Lawmaking' with...