This paper develops a formula to numerically estimate the unsubsidized, fair-market value of the toxic assets purchased with Federal Reserve loans. It finds that subsidy rates on these loans were on average 33.9 percent at origination. In contrast, by the 3rd quarter of the 2010, there was on...

This study uses a unique natural experiment to contribute to the long-running debate as to whether the demand curves for stocks slope downward. The U.S. Treasury sold 5.27 billion shares of Citigroup's common stock during trading hours in April 26, 2010, to December 6, 2010. Using a geometric...

This paper studies the factors that were associated with a bank's early exit from TARP in 2009. Executive pay restrictions were often a rationale cited for early TARP exit, and high levels of CEO pay were associated with banks being significantly more likely to escape TARP. In addition, we find...

This paper tests whether poorly capitalized banks with troubled loan books are more likely to miss their bailout dividends. Privately held banks with weaker core capital ratios, more charged off loans, more allowances for loan losses, and more non-performing loans are more likely to miss their...