The lockdown policies related with the COVID-19 pandemic brings carbon emissions slump, but emissions potentially restore to increase as lockdown policies relaxed and the economy recovers. In this context, this study aims to explore the changes in carbon emissions and their underlying factors in...

This study examines whether ESG (environmental, social and governance) disclosure influences firm-specific crash risk. Our main research hypothesis postulates that further information disclosure about ESG activities and risks mitigates crash risk by virtue of lower opacity and information...

This study investigates whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) mitigates or contributes to stock price crash risk. Crash risk, defined as the conditional skewness of return distribution, captures asymmetry in risk and is important for investment decisions and risk management. If socially...