1: Financial Crises: a Hardy Perennial -- 2: The Anatomy of a Typical Crisis.-3: Speculative Manias -- 4: Fueling the Flames: the Expansion of Credit -- 5: The Critical Stage – When the Bubble Is About To Pop -- 6: Bernie Madoff: Frauds, Swindles, and the Credit Cycle -- 7: Domestic Contagion:...

We propose measures of financial market stress for forty-six countries and regions across the world. Our measures indicate that worldwide financial market stresses rose significantly in March following the widespread economic shutdowns in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, hardly...