This paper proposes a methodology to analyze the implications of the Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) for the assessment of operational risk put forward by the Basel II Accord. The methodology relies on an integrated procedure for the construction of the distribution of aggregate losses,...

This paper investigates the impact of financial development on economic growth in Pakistan using the Markov Switching Model over the period 1980-2017. The results based on two-state Markov switching model confirm the Schumpeter's view that finance spurs growth. The result reveals that financial...

We add discrete jumps in the time-to-maturity of a firm's debt to the model of Engle and Siriwardane (2015), such that changes in equity volatility can be explained by the volatility of the firm's assets, its market leverage and investors' perception of the time-to-maturity of the firm's debt....

Credit institutions are to an increasing extent using Contingent Convertible Bonds (CoCos) to meet part of their capital requirements, which could suggest that the market for CoCos contains useful information on the robustness of the issuer. This paper gives a thorough introduction to CoCos -...

Islamic finance is one of the most rapidly growing sectors in recent years. During the last decade the global value of Islamic assets has grown at yearly the pace of 10-12 per cent. Sharia compliant products, which are not based on the interest rate, has become popular also in non-Muslim...

This paper illustrates a case where an increase of the in-terest rates improves the economic activity and reduces incomeinequality. This theoretical exercise deals with a simple model ofdisequilibrium with accountant identities of budget constraints. Inaddition, and following previous models,...

We analyze micro-level data from the Danish credit register and find that female business owners pay higher interest rates on corporate loans than male owners. The gender gap is partly explained by differences in firm and loan characteristics. However, an economically and statistically...

Biodiversity loss can have direct economic impacts, as it limits the availability of natural resources and increases costs across various industries. When firms face significant risks due to biodiversity loss, their creditworthiness may be jeopardized. This raises concerns for lending...

One of the best-known innovations of the recent past is blockchain. Due to its usability, it has generated considerable interest in several economic areas. A decentralised system's approach can potentially reshape existing industries or make them redundant. Such technology can add a new...

This paper studies the role that market structure plays in affecting the diffusion of electronic banking. Electronic banking (and electronic commerce more generally) reduces the cost of performing many types of transactions for firms. The full benefits for firms from adoption, however, only...