The research question is to investigate if supplementary tethered currencies might reduce financial system risks and provide a superior fallback position to Bitcoin in a crisis? To investigate the question, a hypothetical $Z supplementary cost carrying currency is considered whose value is...

Three conditions are suggested for establishing a stable financial system: 1. Only digital money is used. 2. The Internet of Things (IoT) uses a sustainable service of nature essential to maintain the well being of the environment and humans in each region of the planet to automatically...

The emergence of cloud banking in developing economies from billions of cell phones transacting both legal tender and informal units of accounts has created a need to reconsider habits of thinking about the nature of money and banking in advanced societies. The dysfunctional nature of modern...

The paper presents four non-exclusive options for reforming the economy and the financial system. Three options reintroduce cost-carrying money as supported by Gesell, Fisher and Keynes, but in electronic form. One variant is a government issue redeemable into official money as proposed by the...

Three conditions are suggested for establishing a stable financial system: 1. Only digital money is used. 2. The Internet of Things (IoT) uses a sustainable service of nature essential to maintain the well being of the environment and humans in each region of the planet to automatically...

This paper reviews the efficacy of the Australian government's 2018 initiatives to counter widespread misconduct identified by its Royal Commission into misconduct in the banking, superannuation, insurance, and financial services industry. As regulators exist to protect stakeholders, there is a...