reserves and lend to each other. Our systemic perspective points to these featuring dimensions of ongoing bank activity. Our … model considers bank activity process within each bank entity and across entities. Each bank keeps currency money in bank … deposits on behalf of other agents. But the bank activity is further characterised by the capacity or privilege to use these …

In April 2022, the Bank of Canada announced that it would continue to use a floor system to implement monetary policy … the deposit rate. In contrast, the Bank's guiding principles of prudence, transparency and neutrality, which govern the … rate close to the Bank's policy interest rate (which is equal to the deposit rate in a floor system). The second is an …

bank money in digital form that is universally accepted for digital payments across the euro area. A digital euro would … reliance on central bank funding. To this end, it assesses how banks might respond to the introduction of a digital euro while … banks would decline but remain well above regulatory minimums. In addition, the central bank funding ratios of euro area …