Heightened volatility in cross-border capital flows has increased exchange rate volatility across emerging markets as well as in advanced economies, setting the stage for more active management of currencies. Traditionally, foreign exchange rate intervention has been the primary tool to address...

We present a cross country analysis of credit growth and draw implications for Turkey. Similar credit deepening phases in many countries suggest a stable ratio of net credit use (change in credit stock) with respect to national income. To this end, we calculate an interval for this ratio in a...

Recently, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey designed new policy instruments in order to reduce the adverse impact of volatile capital flows on macroeconomic and financial stability. This paper aims to introduce one of the new instruments: “Reserve Options Mechanism” (ROM). We describe...