China’s unprecedented growth has transformed the lives of its people and impacted economies across the globe. The financial system supported this growth by providing cheap loans to boost investment and, in a virtuous cycle, rapid growth insured that these loans could be repaid. However, in...

This paper delves into the relationship between the issu-ance of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) and the likelihoodof banking panic. The issuance of CBDC acts as a disturbing shockthat incentivizes depositors to withdraw all/part of their depositsfrom the commercial banks, to swap it for...