of trade with China became less friendly. Today, GDP in North Korea is reportedly lower than in 1990, notwithstanding a …

all the post-communist countries have become market economies and have achieved macroeconomic stability. Privatization was … has occurred. What went wrong? How could privatization be done better, or be defended? What should be done to defend … private enterprise in the future? This paper argues that the nature of privatization is far less important than the …

all the post-communist countries have become market economies and have achieved macroeconomic stability. Privatization was … has occurred. What went wrong? How could privatization be done better, or be defended? What should be done to defend … private enterprise in the future? This paper argues that the nature of privatization is far less important than the …

The current Chinese development model is nearing its limits. The World Bank has cautioned that China could find itself … in a “middle-income trap”. China recognizes that it must dramatically increase its capacity for innovation to avoid this … trap. This chapter provides an introduction to the enormous complexities and challenges that China faces in transforming …

industry in two provinces of China. We find that privatization was associated with increased wage and earnings inequality. We … a matched sample of employees and enterprises, we examine the effects of privatization on wage structures in rural …