The relationship between financial innovators and regulators has been historically tense, with financial innovators taking advantage of loopholes and regulators desperately trying to keep pace with innovations while dealing with limited resources and long bureaucratic processes. Nonetheless, in...

This study investigates whether and how FinTech influences intermediation and stability of banks with a focus on the competition between FinTech companies and banks in the deposit market. Using proprietary data from a leading Chinese FinTech company, we study a money market fund with...

The regulatory sandbox is a real world alternative to regulatory lag. Its emergence as a novel regulatory development responds to challenges faced by FinTech innovators in navigating an unwieldy regulatory landscape not designed with FinTech in mind. Regulatory sandboxes are in operation in...

With transformative evolution involving crypto-assets, machine learning applications and data-driven finance models, complex regulatory and policy issues are emerging. Inadequate frameworks in FinTech markets create regulatory friction and regulatory fragmentation. These limitations continue to...

The article begins by addressing central definitional and taxonomical issues for crowdlending (also known as peer-to-peer lending) as an evolving species of debt-based crowdfunding within the FinTech industry. It considers the regulatory tension between facilitating growth of the crowdlending...

Discrimination in lending can occur either in face-to-face decisions or in algorithmic scoring. We provide a workable interpretation of the courts' legitimate-business-necessity defense of statistical discrimination. We then estimate the extent of racial/ethnic discrimination in the largest...

We consider the drivers and implications of the growth of "BigTech" in finance - ie the financial services offerings of technology companies with established presence in the market for digital services. BigTech firms often start with payments. Thereafter, some expand into the provision of...

This paper presents an analytical framework that describes the business model of banks. It draws on the classical theory of banking and the literature on digital transformation. It provides an explanation for existing trends and, by extending the theory of the banking firm, it illustrates how...

We study the personal loan segment of the consumer credit market using individual loan-level data covering fintech, non-banking financial companies, and traditional banks as lenders. We show that fintech lenders dominate the small-ticket loan and provide stiff competition to non-banking...

The analysis highlights the aspects of diversified market structures and of local, low-distance banking as advantageous for financial stability. Heterogeneity protects from uniform market behaviour. Local banking can better overcome the problem of asymmetric information, particular in SME...