The Market Portfolio is not an efficient portfolio. There are many evidences that tell us that: the equal weighted indexes have beaten their market-value weighted indexes for many years, many easy-to-build portfolios (some “smart-beta”, “multifactors”) have beaten market-value weighted...

Market portfolio composition substantially affects cost of equity estimates. Adding Treasury securities to an equity-only market portfolio substantially changes both estimated market betas and the estimated market excess return. Though the sign and magnitude of the net impact of these changes is...

I explore an intricate interaction between a firm’s risk exposure, intangible capital accumulation, and physical capital accumulation by using a unified dynamic investment model of capital allocation. The model emphasizes both the importance of the marginal value of the intangible capital and...

Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) Topic 842, which is effective since 2019, requires balance sheet recognition of operating lease obligations and right-of-use (ROU) assets. For many firms, the implementation of this standard resulted in a large increase in reported operating assets, thus...

In this paper, I extend the results of Moskowitz and Vissing-Jørgensen (2002) on the returns to entrepreneurial investments in the United States. First, following the authors' methodology I replicate the original findings from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) for the period 1989 - 1998 and...

Starting from the Merton framework for firm defaults, we provide the analytics and robustness of the relationship between default correlations. We show that loans with higher default probabilities will not only have higher variances but also higher correlations between loans. As a consequence,...

In establishing the foundation of their investment process, global equity investors typically adopt a framework along geographic and/or industry dimensions. The chosen framework is then applied to the whole investment process including alpha generation, portfolio construction, and risk...

This paper examines the effects of liquidity on the stock and portfolio risk measure by Value at Risk (VaR). Using daily stock returns and firm market capitalization, empirical calculation of VaR that confirmed not yet succeeded to prove pattern of relations between risk and liquidity both...

This paper introduces new money-weighted metrics for investment performance analysis, based on arithmetic means of holding period rates weighted by the investment's market values. This approach generates rates of return which measure a fund's or portfolio's performance and a fund manager's...

The high cost of capital for firms conducting medical research and development (R&D) has been partly attributed to the government risk facing investors in medical innovation. This risk slows down medical innovation because investors must be compensated for it. We propose new and simple financial...