I examine the real effects of financial markets on the timing of vehicle firms' safety-related recalls. Firms strategically time recalls in response to previously issued long-term debt prescheduled to mature by the end of the fiscal year in which defective products are manufactured. Maturing...

Product liability law reduces the costs of accidents to consumers thus reducing their incentive to invest in safety. We estimate the impact of tort liability on a subset of consumers who have significant control over the probability of an accident, the consumers of general aviation aircraft. The...

The fiscal governance of the EMU is in dire need of reform. Its current arrangements suff er from several shortcomings, most notably, the limitations they impose on national fiscal policies, steering them towards too restrictive or pro-cyclical stances; the absence of an unconditional lender of...

This report presents a long-term view of the evolution of financing of EU non-financial corporations (NFCs) in recent decades. It finds a decline in NFC leverage since at least 2008, and across countries, size categories and industries. It also documents a growing role of non-bank financial...