We use a unique, nationally representative cross-national dataset to document the reduction in individuals’ usage of routine non-emergency medical care in the midst of the economic crisis. A substantially larger fraction of Americans have reduced medical care than have individuals in Great...

During world financial crises in 1994 and 1998, most Latin American countries suffered severe contagion. But from the crisis of 2001 onward the amounts of contagion those countries suffered was less. This paper is a preliminary discussion of how several Latin American countries protected...

"In far too many cases, recommendations of forensic reports on previous pandemics were ignored. Substantial weaknesses in the preparation by public health authorities and governments increased the health and economic costs of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to what they would have been if...