U.S. financial regulation has traditionally made functional and institutional regulation roughly equivalent. However, the gradual shift away from Glass-Steagall and the introduction of the Financial Modernization Act (FMA) generated a disorderly mix of functions and products across institutions,...

U.S. financial regulation has traditionally made functional and institutional regulation roughly equivalent. However, the gradual shift away from Glass-Steagall and the introduction of the Financial Modernization Act (FMA) generated a disorderly mix of functions and products across institutions,...

Existing supervisors, as well as the new institutions that the Dodd-Frank Act created, collect and aggregate an unprecedented amount of commercially sensitive financial information. Although financial institutions and their supervisors are increasingly transparent in the post financial crisis...

The Dodd-Frank Act amendments to the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, and the implementing regulations issued by the CFPB, are intended to provide enhanced consumer protections to U.S. residents sending funds to foreign countries. The legislation and regulations were designed for a model in which...

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act” or “Act”) was enacted in the United States in response to the financial crisis that began in 2007. Section 1073 of the Dodd-Frank Act provides a new regulatory framework for remittance transfers made from the...

“History repeats itself” is not just an idiom, it is the naked truth; another agonizing fact is that humans do not seem to have learned from past experiences throughout history. For instance, misleading or policy error by the Fed (unwarranted tight-money policy stance in the 1920s) was...

A striking and unexpected feature of the financial crisis has been the sharp appreciation of the US dollar against virtually all currencies globally. The paper finds that negative US-specific macroeconomic shocks during the crisis have triggered a significant strengthening of the US dollar,...