, which enables increased leverage and investment. In the absence of frictions in the securitization process, we show that the … be constrained inefficient due to the existence of a pecuniary externality that can result in over or under-investment …. We examine policies to correct over-investment and find that a leverage ratio restriction generates a Pareto improvement …

idiosyncratic shocks, imposing negative externalities on unrelated firms in CLO portfolios. Following a negative shock to the oil …