and, for Germany, the importance of differentiating balances against euro and non-euro countries. …

and, for Germany, the importance of differentiating balances against euro and non-euro countries. …

This paper studies the impact of credit rating agency (CRA) announcements on the value of the Euro and the yields of …-2012. The employed GARCH models show that CRA downgrade announcements negatively affected the value of the Euro currency and …

rates EUR/GRD and EUR/ITL during the euro zone membership period. Leaving the euro area one can expect the following market … rates: EUR/GRD 600 and EUR/ITL 1850. That would mean 75% depreciation and 5% appreciation to the current euro parities EUR …

/methodology/approach: We formulated the following hypothesis: Depreciation of the Euro versus American dollar exchange rate occurred in the … period of financial and fiscal crisis (2008-2014). The main reasons for that included: fiscal crisis in the euro area …, implementation of standard and non–standard (quantitative easing) ECB monetary policy measures and growth of money supply in the euro …

Macroeconomic adjustment in the euro area periphery was more recessionary than pre-crisis imbalances would have …

those of bailouts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Euro depreciates significantly against the Yen and US Dollar … following general risk shocks in the euro area and only to a small extent following bailout shocks. The Pound Sterling is not … affected by any of these shocks. The Euro variability is, from the EMU perspective, mainly driven by shocks stemming from large …

international reserves. Using a dataset of 36 countries (and the euro area) for the years from 1996 to 2016, we identify currency … motives for the composition of currency reserves. The euro crisis appears to have been a setback for the euro, which …

's prosperity. The paper focuses on political events in Italy over the past 35 years and asks whether the adoption of the euro in …'s financial markets throughout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The introduction of the euro appears to have indeed played a major role …