) and a specification of the amount of collateral per dollar of lending. The latter is summarized by the margin or "haircut …" associated with the loan. Some key models of endogenous collateral constraints imply that the primary equilibrating force will be … the part of borrowers has profound effects on asset prices. Quantitative analysis of a model of collateral equilibrium …

finance since the global financial crisis, including sources of credit, lender types, and collateral types. First, SMEs … age, and export participation. Fourth, personal assets of SME owners tend to matter more as collateral for SME borrowing … from banks than other collateral types. Improving credit guarantee systems, enhancing monitoring and credit scoring by …

, the availability of high quality collateral suitable for encumbrance, capital and sovereign funding conditions. Third, we …