sample covers Greece in 1989-2020 and Italy in 1989-2020. Findings - The research presented the estimation of shadow exchange … rates EUR/GRD and EUR/ITL during the euro zone membership period. Leaving the euro area one can expect the following market … rates: EUR/GRD 600 and EUR/ITL 1850. That would mean 75% depreciation and 5% appreciation to the current euro parities EUR …

between interest rates and rates of inflation in the euro area and USA on changes in EUR/USD rate of exchange were noted. For …/methodology/approach: We formulated the following hypothesis: Depreciation of the Euro versus American dollar exchange rate occurred in the … period of financial and fiscal crisis (2008-2014). The main reasons for that included: fiscal crisis in the euro area …