We categorized VPN's impact in to two different features; the affecting features, and affected feature. The affecting aspect of the impact encompass factors such as security, algorithms, hardware, and software. Whereas the affected feature of the like of network presentation. While VPN's have...

A striking and unexpected feature of the financial crisis has been the sharp appreciation of the US dollar against virtually all currencies globally. The paper finds that negative US-specific macroeconomic shocks during the crisis have triggered a significant strengthening of the US dollar,...