over the possibility of government policies or instability brought by the election. During a crisis, however, investors … situations through the proxy analysis of election and the sovereign bond spreads. Our study leads to three main findings. First …, in normal economic situations, elections and government turnovers expand bond spreads, demonstrating investors' concern …

or not governments implement more or less interventions depend on their core political ideology. We thus expect … observed between 1975 and 2010, and exploring the evolution of indicators of government size and regulatory policy, we find … find clear evidence of policy ratchets in all policy areas. The ideological crisis policies mainly relate to government …

over the possibility of government policies or instability brought by the election. During a crisis, however, investors … situations through the proxy analysis of election and the sovereign bond spreads. Our study leads to three main findings. First …, in normal economic situations, elections and government turnovers expand bond spreads, demonstrating investors' concern …

over the possibility of government policies or instability brought by the election. During a crisis, however, investors … situations through the proxy analysis of election and the sovereign bond spreads. Our study leads to three main findings. First …, in normal economic situations, elections and government turnovers expand bond spreads, demonstrating investors’ concern …