The recent financial turmoil has triggered a credit crunch whereby illiquid, but not necessarily insolvent, banks were not able to borrow money and were forced to be liquidated, bought or bailed out. A response to this problem has been contingent convertible bonds (or CoCo bonds), which are...

Financial Technology (Fintech) is evolving quickly within the financial system, giving rise to new forms of lending and opening up a version of shadow banking. This is particularly true in China. While Fintech finance and shadow banks can improve a banking system, they can also become new...