Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Why do such crises recur? What is it about the accumulation of bank debt that ….S. banking history, from pre-U.S. Civil War private bank notes issued during the U.S. Free Banking Era (1837-1863), followed by … the U.S. National Banking Era (1863-1914) before there was a central bank, through loan sales, securitization, and the …

unregulated shadow banking system, led to the 2008 financial crisis and may be leading us to a new crisis. Written by two bank …

; Banking Supervision & Regulation -- How Are Banks Funded? -- How Do Banks Use Their Funds? -- Who Owns the Banks? Bank Capital …