The use of fundamentalist traders in the stock market models is problematic since fundamental values in the real world are unknown. Yet, in the literature to date, fundamentalists are often required to replicate key stylized facts. The authors present an agent-based model of the stock market in...

In this paper, we provide a system of equations to measure investor impatience in financial markets. As in physics, we propose that there exists a measurable force created by external market factors, including investor impatience, which we equate with gravitational force. Using a physics-based...