The employment of financial development indicators without due consideration to country/regional specific financial development realities remains an issue of substantial policy relevance. Financial depth in the perspective of money supply is not equal to liquid liabilities in every development...

For the development of a country, its financial and economic backbone must be strong. This is especially true in the case of developing countries, who attach great importance to financial sector development and deepening in the pursuit of their poverty reduction goal. The financial sector...

This paper assesses the relationship between carbon emissions, economic growth and, energy consumption, in USA and China from the perspective of Granger causality, in a multivariate framework controlling for financial development, urbanization, and trade openness. Econometric techniques employed...

Perceptions of economic trends and growth rates around the world over the past two decades, especially in advanced economies, suggests that the world is in a period of low growth without external stimulus delivered via speculative activities in the financial markets or fiscal stimulus. But is...

Now that Congress has passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, regulators promulgating the rules under this new bill must tackle a major problem that the reform bill addresses only indirectly. This is the problem of excessive “leverage” – financing with too...

This paper describes continuous time macro-finance via dynamics of financial transactions between economic agents. Risk ratings of agents play role of their coordinates x on economic space. Financial variables of agents like Investment or Assets, Profits or Credits allow describe corresponding...

In this essay I discuss how theoretical models in finance and economics are used in ways that make them “chameleons” and how chameleons devalue the intellectual currency and muddy policy debates. A model becomes a chameleon when it is built on assumptions with dubious connections to the real...

This paper is an exploratory analysis of the role that banks play in supporting what Jevons called the "mechanism of exchange.'' It considers a model economy in which exchange activities are facilitated and coordinated by a self-organizing network of entrepreneurial trading firms. Collectively,...

This paper examines the relative valuations for fixed capital and financial assets in the United States, illustrating the observed relationships from the valuations of assets on the real productive side of the economy to the financial valuations of equities and other financial assets, and also...

This paper presents a quantitative model of financial transactions between economic agents on economic space. Risk ratings of economic agents play role of their coordinates. Aggregate amounts of agent's financial variables at point x define macro financial variables as functions of time and...