This paper examines the relation between information differences across investors (i.e., information asymmetry) and the cost of capital, and establishes that with perfect competition information asymmetry makes no difference. Instead, a firm's cost of capital is governed solely by the average...

This paper examines how culture affects information asymmetry in financial markets. We extract firms traded in the U.S. but headquartered in regions sharing Chinese culture (“Chinese firms”), and manually identify a group of U.S. analysts of Chinese ethnic origin (“Chinese analysts”). We...

An important determinant of belief polarization is the different interpretations of the same information. We examine whether discourse uncertainty in corporate disclosures, an important driver of differential interpretations, leads to polarization in financial markets. Using a novel measure of...