generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models are applied. Macroeconomic shocks (GDP, ZEW, IFO, factory … volatility during the 7-year total examined time period. Splitting the time series into 3 individual sub-periods the results … conditional volatility during financial crises. Furthermore, announcements of GDP and ZEW index calm the exchange rate …

Volatility (SV) and Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models which are both extended to include … improved ex-post volatility measurements but has also inspired research into their potential value as an informa-tion source … for longer horizon volatility forecasts. In this paper we explore the forecasting value of these high fre-quency series in …

-19 pandemic. We applied the GARCH (1, 1), GJR-GARCH (1, 1), and EGARCH (1, 1) econometric models on the daily time series … the market volatility and asymmetric behavior of Bitcoin, EUR, S&P 500 index, Gold, Crude Oil, and Sugar during the COVID … returns data ranging from 27 November 2018 to 15 June 2021. The empirical findings show a high level of volatility persistence …