In 2002 more than $1 trillion worth of new bonds was sold across international boundaries. The total stock of cross-border bond holdings was more than $9 trillion. Such lending, together with sales of equities, is regarded as one of the chief benefits of globalization. But financial investment...

This paper attempts to define financial globalization as a process whereby financial markets internationally are integrated so closely that they can be considered as a single market. The process, viewed as a by-product of financial liberalization, is only a necessary condition for financial...

1. General introduction -- 2. A critical review of the literature on credit rationing -- 3. The theory of credit rationing revisited -- 4. Financial liberalization -- 5. Intervention I : the South Korean experience -- 6. Intervention II : the Indian experience -- 7. Concluding remarks.