We outline a three-step framework to investigate stablecoin arrangements and quantitatively assess their risk. The first step is to classify the stablecoin arrangement into three parts-coin structure, transfer system(s) and financial service(s) - and categorize the attributes of each part. The...

Canada is in the midst of developing three new core payment systems: Lynx, Settlement Optimization Engine (SOE) and Real-Time Rail (RTR). Lynx and SOE will replace the current Large Value Transfer System (LVTS) and Automated Clearing Settlement System (ACSS), whereas RTR will be a new...

Interconnectedness is an inherent feature of the modern financial system. While it contributes to efficiency of financial services, it also creates structural vulnerabilities: pernicious shock transmission and amplification impacting banks' capitalization. This has recently been seen during the...

This paper uses reinforcement learning (RL) to approximate the policy rules of banks participating in a high-value payments system. The objective of the agents is to learn a policy function for the choice of amount of liquidity provided to the system at the beginning of the day. Individual...

Modernizing Canada's wholesale payments system to Lynx from the Large Value Transfer System (LVTS) brings two key changes: (1) the settlement model shifts from a hybrid system that combined components of both real-time gross settlement (RTGS) and deferred net settlement (DNS) to an RTGS system;...

Using detailed data from Canada's new high-value payment system (HVPS), we show how participants of the system save liquidity by exploiting the new gridlock resolution arrangement. These observed behaviors are consistent with the equilibrium of a "gridlock game" that captures the key incentives...

1. Introduction -- 2. A comparative analysis of the Chinese and the US financial system and its regulatory environment -- 3. China’s deepening integration into global financial markets: lessons from the US counterpart -- 4. Pre- and post-pandemic Sino-US inbound and outbound investments -- 5....

In April 2022, the Bank of Canada announced that it would continue to use a floor system to implement monetary policy by providing a sufficiently large quantity of settlement balances to enable the overnight repo rate to trade at close to the deposit rate. In contrast, the Bank's guiding...

This paper evaluates key findings of the Financial System Stability Assessment for Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), including Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Banking Supervision, Securities Regulation, Insurance Supervision, Payment Systems, Securities...