This paper documents the extension of MEDSEA, a small open economy DSGE model for Malta, with a detailed energy sector. The model contains relatively rich fiscal and energy blocks allowing the model to simulate the transitional costs related to the economy's decarbonisation, together with the...

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions create a cost liability for firms exposed to the implementation of carbon pricing. We propose a framework for public equities that links Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions with changes in firm valuation. This framework considers both 1) larger operating costs that lead...