In most 19th-century centralized states, national monetary unification has been attained thanks to the creation of provincial branch networks by banks of issue. Through a case study on Belgium, this paper investigates the causes and consequences of this phenomenon, as well as its operational...

We propose a new methodology to assess intermediaries’ substitutability in financial networks featuring higher-order structures (credit intermediation chains). We represent the financial network as a hyperstructure and each credit intermediation chain as a hyperedge. This approach allows us to...

We propose a new methodology to assess intermediaries’ substitutability in financial networks featuring higher-order structures (credit intermediation chains). We represent the financial network as a hyperstructure and each credit intermediation chain as a hyperedge. This approach allows us to...