measurement of bank efficiency, competition, and liquidity creation a critical issue for both policy makers and bank managers … measurement of bank efficiency, competition, and liquidity creation a critical issue for both policy makers and bank managers … other rapid advances in banking and finance. This has increased competition between domestic and foreign banks, and made the …

Bank profitability in the USA was extremely high in the pre-crisis period, yet this did not prevent the current crisis …. It has become clear that these profits were on shaky grounds and also that bank profits were not used to buttress banks …' capital bases. This paper analyses the effects of structure on profitability from 1994 to 2005. Bank-level panel data are used …