Providing bank notes is one of the Bank of Canada’s core functions. The Bank is therefore interested in whether cash is … adequately distributed across society, and this also influences the Bank’s thinking on issuing a central bank digital currency … branches of financial institutions (FIs), automated bank machines (ABMs) owned by FIs, and white label ABMs. We measure the …

We use a simple model to study whether private payment systems based on bank deposits can provide the optimal level of … safety. In the model, bank deposits backed by projects are subject to default risk that can be mitigated by a depositor's ex … ante and ex post monitoring. Safe payment instruments issued by a narrow bank can also be used as a back-up payment system …

We investigate the risks and opportunities to the mandates of central banks arising from fintech developments. Fintech …

In this paper, we discuss whether the ability of individuals to convert commercial bank money (i.e., bank deposits …) into central bank money is fundamentally important for the monetary system. This is a significant question since the use of … cash - the only form of central bank money that the public currently has access to - is declining rapidly in many countries …