Providing bank notes is one of the Bank of Canada’s core functions. The Bank is therefore interested in whether cash is … distance between the 637 reserve band offices in Canada and their closest cash sources. In this study, these cash sources are …. We provide a perspective on these issues by exploring access of First Nations reserves to cash. To do so, we measure the …

Chen et al. (2021) show that almost one-third of First Nations band offices in Canada are within 1 kilometre (km) of an … populations and limited access to internet and mobile services. As a result, these First Nations have poor access to cash sources … Nations are generally among the most geographically remote communities in Canada. Further, we show that these First Nations …

cash - the only form of central bank money that the public currently has access to - is declining rapidly in many countries … currency (CBDC). We conclude that depositors' need for control could be a reason why cash or a CBDC is essential, even in …

Using data from Canada and the United States, we quantify consumers' net pecuniary cost of using cash, credit cards …, credit card transactions are cross-subsidized by cheaper debit and cash payments. Card rewards and consumer fees paid to …-through have regressive distributional effects in Canada and the United States. …

This study provides insight into the costs of cash, debit card and credit card payments made at the point of sale in … Canada in 2014. For each payment method, it examines the total resource costs, which capture the overall use of resources by … society as a whole. Using extensive survey data from retailers, financial institutions and cash transportation companies as …

Canada currently has two core payment systems for processing funds transfers between financial institutions: the Large … Value Transfer System (LVTS) and the Automated Clearing Settlement System (ACSS). These systems will be replaced over the …