Global engagement of firms can take a variety of forms. We argue that there are considerable advantages of developing models that allow for a wide set of alternatives of organizational form. We illustrate this firstly using plant level data which allows us to distinguish firms that serve only...

I analyze the country-level product ranges offered by multinational laundry detergent manufacturers in Western Europe. Observed product range variation across countries is too great to be the optimal firm-level response to differences in consumer preferences and retail environments....