We examine real-activity based earnings management, i.e., cuts in discretionary spending to report small profits, across introductory, growth and mature stage firms. We use the cash flow components to classify a firm's life cycle. We predict and find that firms in the mature stage, on average,...

We develop a firm-specific measure of the most important intangible asset - organization capital - and document that organization capital is associated with five years of future operating and stock return performance, after controlling for other factors. Thus, our organization capital measure...

Information technology (IT) is all-pervading, and as an infrastructure, it is likely to mold institutional quality. As such, we examine whether IT availability and use moderate the relationship between country-level institutional quality and firm performance. Using the Economic Freedom Index of...