and social capitals affect all four dimensions of cooperative performance, through the mediating role of management … human and social capitals of director-generals. Based on China's national conditions, we propose measures to improve … promoting cooperative development through internal members, government departments, and commercial organizations. …

This paper constructs a new conceptual framework around the impacts of member heterogeneity on cooperative union … (federated cooperative) performance considering both a union’s capital factor structure and its service link operations structure … large sample of cooperative union data from government sources and detailed case study interviews. We find that the …